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    The Expanded Endocannabinoid System Contributes to Metabolic and Body Mass Shifts in First-Episode Schizophrenia: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

    Having collected a set of multivariate data, the first step was to test the effects of the AP treatment and disease status by LME models based on 2-AG, AEA, LEA, OEA, PEA, and their ...


    Slovenian Pet Owners’ Experience, Attitudes, and Predictors Regarding Cannabinoid Use in Dogs and Cats

    The aim of this study was to assess the personal experience and attitudes of Slovenian pet owners regarding cannabinoid (CBD) use and to identify the predictors of the first use and ...


    A Phase I Trial to Determine the Pharmacokinetics, Psychotropic Effects, and Safety Profile of a Novel Nanoparticle-Based Cannabinoid Spray for Oromucosal Delivery

    The total duration of the study was 30 h from administration of the study preparation to the last blood sample taken. Assessments Plasma samples were collected on Study day 1 pre-do...


    The Transdermal Delivery of Therapeutic Cannabinoids

    Transdermal Delivery of Cannabinoids and Challenges All advantages mentioned above of transdermal drug delivery over other formulations and considering dermatologists are interested...


    The Dynamic Role of Microglia and the Endocannabinoid System in Neuroinflammation

    Many of the CB 2 receptors were expressed in activated M1 microglia, although astrocytes were also identified as CB 2 receptor positive. As aged brains exhibit a highe...


    Targeting the Endocannabinoidome in Pancreatic Cancer

    The ligands AEA and 2-AG, belonging to the N-acylethanolamine (NAE) and monoacylglycerol (MAG) families, respectively, were classified as cannabinoids and gained a significant amount...


    Review of Nematode Interactions with Hemp (Cannabis Sativa)

    The primary literature was searched for hemp-nematode papers, resulting in citations from 1890 through 2021. Keywords: Cannabis sativa, Cyst nematodes, Ditylenchus, Hemp, Heterodera ...


    Medical Cannabis in Pediatric Oncology: Friend or Foe?

    Studies confirming these or other molecular anti-cancer effects of cannabinoids in pediatric cancer cells are scarce, and given the differences between pediatric and adult tumors and...


    Interaction of Glia Cells with Glioblastoma and Melanoma Cells under the Influence of Phytocannabinoids

    All treatments did not affect spheroid size at 70 h. During the formation of 3D aggregates, the size and shape of spheroids have been shown to be primarily determined by cell–cell an...


    Endocannabinoid-Mediated Control of Neural Circuit Excitability and Epileptic Seizures

    Involvement of CB 1 and CB 2 Receptors It has also been reported that, as with DGLα, expression of the CB 1 receptor is affected by epileptogenesis (Figure 2). Taken together, these...


    Dos(e)Age: Role of Dose and Age in the Long-Term Effect of Cannabinoids on Cognition

    Almost 4% of the global population aged between 15 and 64 years used cannabis at least once in the last year, according to the 2021 World Drug Report [ 1 ]. Outside of teens, older a...


    Converting Sugars into Cannabinoids—The State-of-the-Art of Heterologous Production in Microorganisms

    The cells are then sent to a settling tank (ST-101) in which ethyl acetate is used with a 2:1 ratio to resuspend the cells and subsequently promote liquid-liquid extraction. The biph...


    Comparison of nabiximols versus oral dronabinol for pain

    Superior analgesic effects compared with placebo were demonstrated in randomized clinical trials (RCTs)15–19 and in a large observational study.20 A recent meta-analysis of nine RCTs...


    Clinical Data on Canabinoids: Translational Research in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders

    The number of participants (patients included) shows great variability among the analyzed studies. Another study [ 61 ] (p. 1286) published in 2018 evaluated that 60 children with au...


    Chronic Pain and the Endocannabinoid System: Smart Lipids – A Novel Therapeutic Option?

    There is evidence that also other non-CB1R and non-CB2R (GPR18, GPR119, and GPR55) are involved in the signaling of the ECS [18]. AEA and 2-AG can also activate other receptors, such...


    Cannabinoids, their cellular receptors, and effects on the invasive phenotype of carcinoma and metastasis

    60 Cannabinoids have been shown to have varying effects on the ability of tumors to establish a metastasis, although from much of the data it is unclear at which stage of metastasis ...


    Cannabinoids Reduce Extracellular Vesicle Release from HIV-1 Infected Myeloid Cells and Inhibit Viral Transcription

    The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/cells11040723/s1 , Figure S1: Cell viability analysis of CBD on HIV-1 infected monocyt...


    Botanically-Derived Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol, and Their 1:1 Combination, Modulate Toll-like Receptor 3 and 4 Signalling in Immune Cells from People with Multiple Sclerosis

    Given the inhibitory effects of THC:CBD on TLR3 signalling to CXCL10 and IFN-β in PBMCs, in addition to evidence linking TLR4 to MS pathogenesis [ 15 16 ], we next set out to determi...


    An Optimized Terpene Profile for a New Medical Cannabis Oil

    A total of 2 different extraction procedures were performed according to previous published studies [ 30 32 ] to obtain medical Cannabis oil 1 (MCO-1) and MCO-2 (SIFAP and Calvi meth...


    A Low Dose of Pure Cannabidiol Is Sufficient to Stimulate the Cytotoxic Function of CIK Cells without Exerting the Downstream Mediators in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

    The uniqueness of CIK cells is their encouraging synergetic effect with cancer associated inhibitors/compounds in preclinical models since cannabinoids have been the subject of inten...


    A Cannabinoid 2-Selective Agonist Inhibits Allogeneic Skin Graft Rejection In Vivo

    When dissociated spleen cells were placed in culture ex vivo and stimulated with C3HeB/FeJ cells in an MLR, the cells from the O-1966 treated mice were significantly suppressed in th...


    The Medicinal Natural Products of Cannabis sativa Linn.: A Review

    The applications of plants as medicines predates human history. One notable medicinal plant that has continued to garner attention over the years, and in recent times, is Cannabis s...


    The Endocannabinoid System: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Coagulopathies

    Blood coagulation disorders or coagulopathies are a group of disorders in which there is a hypercoagulative state leading to excessive abnormal blood clot formation and tissue ischem...


    The Effects of Consuming Cannabis Flower for Treatment of Fatigue

    Usage sessions included real-time subjective changes in fatigue intensity levels prior to and following Cannabis consumption, Cannabis flower characteristics (labeled phenotype, cann...


    The cannabinoid profile and growth of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is influenced by tropical daylengths and temperatures, genotype and nitrogen nutrition

    Cannabis sativa is a quantitative short-day plant where decreasing daylength (often) regulates flowering initiation (van der Werf et al., 1994). Some studies reported that shorter ph...


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