Potential Role of Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptors in Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Berhanu Geresu | Emmanuel S
Studies reviewed in the previous sections demonstrated the role of CB2Rs in the regulation of physiologic functions and hence they can be utilized as a potential target in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders (75, 76), but requires further clinical trials. Furthermore, a reduction in the expression of CB2R gene was documented in brain regions involved in regulating emotionality like the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex in a postmortem study performed in suicide patients (89) and in patients with major depression (90), supporting a role that CB2Rs could play in depression and the potential of these receptors as a new target for the treatment of depressive disorders, but requires additional modeling and clinical investigations. So there is a need of a thorough behavioral characterization of mouse models of ASD to demonstrate the therapeutic effects of pharmacological treatments targeting the ECS (122). We now know that CB2Rs are found in the periphery and the CNS, but the absence of intoxicating effects of these receptors significantly increased attention for the investigation of these receptors as therapeutic targets in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Abbreviations 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxydopamine; AC, adenylyl cyclase; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; AEA, anandamide; AI, artificial intelligence; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; AN, anorexia nervosa; APP, amyloid precursor protein; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; A β, β -amyloid; BCP, β -caryophyllene; BN, bulimia nervosa; CB1R, cannabinoid type 1 receptor; CB2R, cannabinoid type 2 receptor; CMS, chronic mild stress; CNS, central nervous system; CPP, conditioned place preference; D1Rs, dopamine type 1 receptors; EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; eCBome, endocannabinoidome; eCBs, endocannabinoids; ECS, endocannabinoid system; ERK, ½ extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FDA, food and drug administration; GIT, gastrointestinal tract; GPCRs, G-protein coupled receptors; HD, Huntington’s disease; JNK, Jun N-terminal protein kinase; Kir, inwardly rectifying potassium currents; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MDA7, 1-((3-benzyl-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl) carbonyl) piperidine; MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; MS, multiple sclerosis; NAc, nucleus accumbens; NITyr, N-linoleyltyrosine; NMDA, N-methyl -D-aspartate; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PEA, palmitoyl ethanolamide; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PPI, pre-pulse inhibition; PTZ, pentylenetetrazol; ROT, rotenone; TBI, traumatic brain injury; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; TMEV- IDD, Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus- induced demyelinating disease; VTA, ventral tegmental area; Δ 9-THC, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
Tags:
- Cannabinoid receptor 2
- Endocannabinoid system
- Psychosis
- Neuroinflammation
- Schizophrenia
- Microglia
- Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- Addiction
- Major depressive disorder
- Cannabinoid
- Neurodegenerative disease
- Multiple sclerosis
- Eating disorder
- Cannabinoid receptor 1
- Autism spectrum
- Dizocilpine
- Substantia nigra
- Mental disorder
- Amyloid beta
- Cannabis (drug)
- Nucleus accumbens
- Inflammation
- Clinical medicine